The substrate to be treated must be mechanically robust and clean. Remove all cement laitance, traces of powder, flaky parts, grease, oil, and form release agents by sandblasting or washing down with a high-pressure water pump. If the substrate to be waterproofed and protected with Bit Seal Primer S is in poor condition, remove the damaged parts manually or mechanical abrasion by using a hydro-demolition system or a hydro-scarified. The last technique, which uses high-pressure water, is recommended because the reinforcement rods are not damaged. The structures that are not subject to vibration could cause small cracks in adjacent concrete. Once the rust has been entirely removed by sandblasting, repair with a pre-blended repairing mortar. Absorbent surfaces to be treated with Bit Seal Primer S must be primed with Bit Seal Primer S. Existing floors, which are covered in tiles, must be well bonded to the substrate, and the surface of tiles must be free of substances that could compromise the adhesion of Bit Seal Primer S, such as oil, grease, paint, wax, etc. In order to remove material that could affect the adhesion of Bit Seal Primer S, clean the floor with detergents and water. After this, the surface must be treated with Bit Seal Primer S.